BIOL 100. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Notes: lecture is paired with weekly interactive, inquiry-based laboratory investigations to assist students in critical thinking and further illustrate lecture topics.
Pre-requisites: Corequisite: BIOL 100L.
Satisfies: a BACR for natural sciences.
Furnishes an understanding of fundamental topics in biology–diversity of life, form and function of living organisms, information flow, and transfer of energy. Covers basic chemistry, cell structure and function, animal physiology, introductory genetics, evolution, introductory ecology, and carbon flow. Companion course to BIOL 100L.

BIOL 100L. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: Corequisite: BIOL 100.
Companion lab to BIOL 100.

BIOL 115. LIFE SCIENCE FOR TEACHERS. 5 Credits.

Satisfies: a BACR for natural science.
Designed to support students planning to teach elementary school in actively learning core concepts in biology. Includes inquiry-based biological investigations that model effective science instruction as outlined in the Next Generation Science Standards. This course requires analytical thinking and quantitative literacy.

BIOL 132. INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Satisfies: a BACR for natural sciences.
An introductory course in the study of human anatomy and physiology. Explores levels of organization, including organ systems, in the human body, structure and function, the history of anatomy and physiology, and applications to health. Includes experiments and interactive assignments. Designed for students in majors outside of biology and the health sciences.

BIOL 171. BIOLOGY I. 4 Credits.

Notes: must receive ≥C- to enroll in BIOL 173 and ≥C to enroll in BIOL 270.
Pre-requisites: concurrent enrollment in MATH 141 or completion of MATH 141 with ≥C. Corequisite: BIOL 171L.
Satisfies: a BACR for natural science.
Includes an introduction to biology, covering a review of chemistry from atomic structure through respiration, cell and molecular biology, and genetics. Companion course to BIOL 171L.

BIOL 171L. BIOLOGY I LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: concurrent enrollment in MATH 141 or completion of MATH 141 with ≥C. Corequisite: BIOL 171.
Companion lab to BIOL 171.

BIOL 172. BIOLOGY II. 4 Credits.

Notes: must receive ≥C to enroll in BIOL 173 or BIOL 270.
Pre-requisites: concurrent enrollment in MATH 141 or completion of MATH 141 with ≥C. Corequisite: BIOL 172L.
Satisfies: 2nd Natural Sciences BACR if BIOL 171 and BIOL 270 are complete or BIOL 172 and BIOL 270 are completed.
Includes an introduction to Biological concepts, covering evolution, the diversity of life, and interactions among organisms and their environment. Requires analytical thinking and quantitative literacy, and can be paired with BIOL 270 to satisfy the Natural Sciences breadth requirement in the general education curriculum. Companion course to BIOL 172L.

BIOL 172L. BIOLOGY II LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: concurrent enrollment in MATH 141 or completion of MATH 141 with ≥C. Corequisite: BIOL 172.
Companion lab to BIOL 172.

BIOL 173. BIOLOGY III. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171 and ≥C in BIOL 172. Corequisite: BIOL 173L.
An introduction to biology, covering the structure and function of plants and animals, with emphasis on flowering plants and vertebrates. Companion course to BIOL 173L.

BIOL 173L. BIOLOGY III LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171 and ≥C in BIOL 172. Corequisite: BIOL 173.
Companion lab to BIOL 173.

BIOL 196. EXPERIMENTAL. 1-5 Credits.

BIOL 199. SPECIAL STUDIES-BIOLOGY. 1-5 Credits.

BIOL 232. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY NON-BIOL MAJORS. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: one college chemistry course. Corequisite: BIOL 232L.
Satisfies: a BACR for natural sciences.
First of a three-quarter sequence concerned with the structure and function of the human organism. Chemistry, Cells, Histology, Integumentary system, Skeletal system, Excitable tissues, and Muscular system are completely and thoroughly covered. Companion course to BIOL 232L.

BIOL 232L. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY NON-BIOL MAJORS LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: one college chemistry course. Corequisite: BIOL 232.
Companion lab to BIOL 232.

BIOL 233. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY NON-BIOL MAJORS. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 232. Corequisite: BIOL 233L.
Satisfies: a BACR for natural sciences.
Second of a three-quarter sequence concerned with the structure and function of the human organism. Nervous system, Autonomic Nervous system, Special senses, Endocrine system, Cardiovascular system, Lymphatic system & Immunity are completely and thoroughly covered. Companion course to BIOL 233L.

BIOL 233L. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY NON-BIOL MAJORS LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 232. Corequisite: BIOL 233.
Companion lab to BIOL 233.

BIOL 234. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY NON-BIOL MAJORS. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 233. Corequisite: BIOL 234L.
Satisfies: a BACR for natural sciences.
Third of a three-quarter sequence concerned with the structure and function of the human organism. Respiratory system, Digestive system, Nutrition and Metabolism, Urinary system, and Reproductive system are completely and thoroughly covered. Companion course to BIOL 234L.

BIOL 234L. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY NON-BIOL MAJORS LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 233. Corequisite: BIOL 234.
Companion lab to BIOL 234.

BIOL 235. ELEMENTARY MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: completion of or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 163. Corequisite: BIOL 235L.
Discusses micro-organisms and animal parasites, with chief emphasis on those which affect human health. Companion course to BIOL 235L.

BIOL 235L. ELEMENTARY MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: completion of or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 163. Corequisite: BIOL 235.
Companion lab to BIOL 235.

BIOL 270. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 171 or BIOL 172. Corequisite: BIOL 270L.
Satisfies: the completion of BIOL 171 and BIOL 270 satisfies a BACR for natural sciences; the completion of BIOL 171, BIOL 172 and BIOL 270 satisfies a second BACR for natural sciences.
Experimental design and performance, including data collection and analysis, scientific writing, and use of the biological literature. This is a research experience course, where students learn about the scientific process, and develop, conduct, analyze, and document a scientific project in a small group. Companion course to BIOL 270L.

BIOL 270L. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 171 or BIOL 172. Corequisite: BIOL 270.
Companion lab to BIOL 270.

BIOL 296. EXPERIMENTAL. 1-5 Credits.

BIOL 299. SPECIAL STUDIES BIOLOGY. 1-5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: permission of the instructor, department chair and college dean.
An opportunity for students to explore problems of special interest.

BIOL 301. MICROBIOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 270, CHEM 172 & CHEM 172L. Corequisite: BIOL 301L.
Covers morphology, physiology, taxonomy and ecology of the microorganisms, emphasizing prokaryotes, fungi, and the viruses. Companion course to BIOL 301L.

BIOL 301L. MICROBIOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 270, CHEM 172 & CHEM 172L. Corequisite: BIOL 301.
Companion lab to BIOL 301.

BIOL 302. BOTANY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; completion of or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 171, or HONS 171, and CHEM 171L; or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 302L.
Examines the structure, function, and phylogenetic relationships in the plant kingdom. Companion course to BIOL 302L.

BIOL 302L. BOTANY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; completion of or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 171, or HONS 171, and CHEM 171L; or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 302.
Companion lab to BIOL 302.

BIOL 303. INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; completion of or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 171, or HONS 171, and CHEM 171L; or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 303L.
Examines structure, function, and phylogenetic relationships of the invertebrate phyla. Companion course to BIOL 303L.

BIOL 303L. INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; completion of or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 171, or HONS 171, and CHEM 171L; or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 303.
Companion lab to BIOL 303.

BIOL 304. VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; completion of or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 171, or HONS 171, and CHEM 171L; or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 304L.
Explores the structure, function, and phylogenetic relationships of the vertebrates. Companion course to BIOL 304L.

BIOL 304L. VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; completion of or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 171, or HONS 171, and CHEM 171L; or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 304.
Companion lab to BIOL 304.

BIOL 310. FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETICS. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172; CHEM 173 and CHEM 173L.
Provides comprehensive coverage of the major topic areas of genetics: classical, molecular, and evolutionary.

BIOL 312. FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE. 3 Credits.

Cross-listed: GEOS 312, PLAN 312.
Pre-requisites: MTHD 104 or completion of the Quantitative and Symbolic Reasoning requirement. Corequisite: BIOL 312L, GEOS 312L, or PLAN 312L.
A general introduction to physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. Concepts of soil sustainability and environmental planning are highlighted. Companion course to BIOL 312L, GEOS 312L, or PLAN 312L.

BIOL 312L. FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE LAB. 1 Credit.

Cross-listed: GEOS 312L, PLAN 312L.
Pre-requisites: MTHD 104 or completion of the Quantitative and Symbolic Reasoning requirement. Corequisite: BIOL 312, GEOS 312, or PLAN 312.
Companion lab to BIOL 312, GEOS 312, or PLAN 312.

BIOL 320. THE HUMAN PROSPECT. 5 Credits.

Cross-listed: HUMN 320.
Pre-requisites: sophomore standing.
Satisfies: a university graduation requirement–global studies.
Explores the biological and philosophical roots of humans' relationship with the environment.

BIOL 325. WETLAND SCIENCE I. 3 Credits.

Cross-listed: GEOS 325, PLAN 325.
Pre-requisites: completion of at least one Natural Science BACR course. Corequisite: BIOL 325L, GEOS 325L, or PLAN 325L.
An introduction to the fundamental processes that form and sustain wetlands. Emphasizes the distinctive hydrology, soils, and vegetation of wetlands and field experience in delineation. Examines issues of regulation. Focus is on Pacific Northwest wetlands. Companion course to BIOL 325L, GEOS 325L, or PLAN 325L.

BIOL 325L. WETLAND SCIENCE I LAB. 1 Credit.

Cross-listed: GEOS 325L, PLAN 325L.
Pre-requisites: completion of at least one Natural Science BACR course. Corequisite: BIOL 325, GEOS 325, or PLAN 325.
Companion lab to BIOL 325, GEOS 325, or PLAN 325.

BIOL 332. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 173 with a grade ≥B-; CHEM 173 and CHEM 173L with a grade ≥B-; or instructor permission. Corequisite: BIOL 332L.
This is the first course in a three-quarter sequence covering the structure and function of the human body. Intended for students with significant background in biology and chemistry who are pursuing health care careers. Companion course to BIOL 332L.

BIOL 332L. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 173 with a grade ≥B-; CHEM 173 and CHEM 173L with a grade ≥B-; or instructor permission. Corequisite: BIOL 332.
Companion lab to BIOL 332.

BIOL 333. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 332. Corequisite: BIOL 333L.
The second in a three-quarter sequence covering the structure and function of the human body. Intended for students with significant background in biology and chemistry who are pursuing health care careers. Companion course to BIOL 333L.

BIOL 333L. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 332. Corequisite: BIOL 333.
Companion lab to BIOL 333.

BIOL 334. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY III. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 333. Corequisite: BIOL 334L.
The third in a three-quarter sequence covering the structure and function of the human body. Intended for students with significant background in biology and chemistry who are pursuing health care careers. Companion course to BIOL 334L.

BIOL 334L. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY III LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 333. Corequisite: BIOL 334.
Companion lab to BIOL 334.

BIOL 340. BIOETHICS. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: either BIOL 100 or ≥C- in BIOL 171 or one of them taken concurrently.
This course will discuss biological, social, ethical and economic implications of current advances in the biological sciences.

BIOL 343. BIOLOGY OF AGING. 3 Credits.

This course will discuss the aging of biological organisms, viewed from the molecular level through the population level. The emphasis will be on human aging.

BIOL 345. BIOLOGY OF SYMBIOSIS. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: Corequisite: BIOL 345L.
An interdisciplinary approach to explore mutually beneficial relationships between species. Covers the chemistry, biochemistry, ecology, evolution, genetics, behavior, and physiology of symbiotic relationships. Companion course to BIOL 345L.

BIOL 345L. BIOLOGY OF SYMBIOSIS LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: Corequisite: BIOL 345.
Companion lab to BIOL 345.

BIOL 351. PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172 and BIOL 173; CHEM 173 and CHEM 173L; or permission of instructor.
An integrative understanding of the physiological systems of vertebrates, analyzing physiological processes from the cellular level upwards, culminating in organismal function. This course reinforces concepts from biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics.

BIOL 352. PRINCIPLES OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172 and BIOL 173; CHEM 173 and CHEM 173L; or permission of instructor.
This course addresses mechanisms by which plants obtain nutrients from the soil and atmosphere, convert light energy to chemical energy, and coordinate responses to shifting environmental conditions in roots, leaves and reproductive structures.

BIOL 353. PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172 and BIOL 173; CHEM 173 and CHEM 173L; or permission of instructor.
This course explores the physiology of unicellular microbes. It includes topics on microbial replication and how microbes adapt to their environment through regulating gene expression, horizontal gene transfer and cell-cell communication.

BIOL 370. CAREERS IN BIOLOGY. 1 Credit.

This seminar prepares students majoring in General Biology for their career after graduation, including developing a connection to the Career Center, finding and applying for internships and jobs, resume writing, attending a Career Fair, and interview skills. The course features guest talks by Biology alumni employed in the region, as well as staff from the Career Center.

BIOL 371. PRE-MEDICAL, DENTAL, VETERINARY AND PHARMACY PREPARATION. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: junior standing or permission of instructor.
Prepares students for the application and interview process for medical, dental, veterinary, pharmacy and other professional programs. Includes discussions related to medical ethics.

BIOL 380. DATA ANALYSIS FOR BIOLOGISTS. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; completion of or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 171, or HONS 171, and CHEM 171L and a ≥C in MATH 141; or permission of instructor.
Satisfies: completion of this course with a grade ≥C satisfies the university proficiencies in mathematics.
Students gain the knowledge and skills required to conduct and interpret data analysis and statistics commonly applied in Biology. Key concepts of statistical analysis such as populations and samples, uncertainty, p-values, hypothesis testing, Type I and Type II errors, statistical methods and R programming language are covered.

BIOL 383. BIOTECH INDUSTRY CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: MATH 141.
The course is an introduction to current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) in the biotechnology industry that are used by the Food and Drug Administration. The FDA regulates and monitors biotech companies (via cGMP) as it relates to people, procedures, processes, premises, and products.

BIOL 384. BIOTECH INDUSTRY REGULATORY AFFAIRS. 3 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 171.
This course introduces regulatory affairs and the steps required to move a product from development through the regulatory approval process and into the market.

BIOL 385. MOLECULAR BIOTECHNIQUES. 3 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 171 and BIOL 172.
Includes an introduction to molecular techniques most commonly used in the molecular biotechnology industry and research.

BIOL 395. INTERNSHIP/CO-OP FIELDWK. 1-15 Credits.

Notes: only 5 credits will be allowed toward the electives.
Pre-requisites: permission of the instructor, department chair, and college dean.
Internship.

BIOL 396. EXPERIMENTAL COURSE. 1-6 Credits.

BIOL 399. DIRECTED STUDY. 1-15 Credits.

Notes: a maximum of five credits of directed study credits (BIOL 399 or BIOL 499) may be counted as upper division electives toward the major.
Pre-requisites: permission of the instructor, department chair, and college dean.
Directed study.

BIOL 405. LIMNOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: any one of BIOL 301, BIOL 302, BIOL 303, BIOL 304 or concurrent enrollment. Corequisite: BIOL 405L.
Includes the general study of the physical, chemical, and biological features of lakes and streams. Companion course to BIOL 405L.

BIOL 405L. LIMNOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: any one of BIOL 301, BIOL 302, BIOL 303, BIOL 304 or concurrent enrollment. Corequisite: BIOL 405.
Companion lab to BIOL 405.

BIOL 409. MYCOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: any one of BIOL 301, BIOL 302, BIOL 303, BIOL 304 or concurrent enrollment. Corequisite: BIOL 409L.
Includes discussion of the structure, physiology, ecology, and taxonomy of microfungi and mushrooms with an emphasis on fungi of the Northwest. Companion course to BIOL 409L.

BIOL 409L. MYCOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: any one of BIOL 301, BIOL 302, BIOL 303, BIOL 304 or concurrent enrollment. Corequisite: BIOL 409.
Companion lab to BIOL 409.

BIOL 411. FIELD BOTANY. 2 Credits.

Notes: this course includes two hours of lecture each week.
Pre-requisites: junior standing or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 411L.
The goal of this course is to gain an appreciation of natural history and the unique array of plants found in our region. This is a practical, hands-on, field-based course where students learn how to identify plants. Companion course to BIOL 411L.

BIOL 411L. FIELD BOTANY LAB. 3 Credits.

Notes: this course includes six hours of lab each week.
Pre-requisites: junior standing or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 411.
Companion lab to BIOL 411.

BIOL 421. MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 301. Corequisite: BIOL 421L.
Addresses microbial agents of human disease, with an emphasis on bacteria. Companion course to BIOL 421L.

BIOL 421L. MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 301. Corequisite: BIOL 421.
Companion lab to BIOL 421.

BIOL 423. EVOLUTION. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 310 plus any one of BIOL 301, BIOL 302, BIOL 303, BIOL 304.
This course is a study of variation, adaptation and speciation in biological systems.

BIOL 424. ENTOMOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; or permission of instructor; BIOL 303 recommended. Corequisite: BIOL 424L.
The evolutionary history, current diversity, ecology, and physiology of insects. Companion course to BIOL 424L.

BIOL 424L. ENTOMOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; or permission of instructor; BIOL 303 recommended. Corequisite: BIOL 424.
Companion lab to BIOL 424.

BIOL 430. IMMUNOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: Any one of BIOL 301, BIOL 303, BIOL 304 or permission of the instructor. BIOL 460 is recommended.
This course covers immune reactions of animals with principal emphasis on those associated with infectious diseases.

BIOL 432. VIROLOGY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: Any one of BIOL 301, BIOL 303, BIOL 304 or permission of the instructor. BIOL 460 is recommended.
This course includes coverage of the molecular biology of microbial, animal and plant viruses and their host-parasite relationships. Those viruses associated with human and animal diseases are emphasized.

BIOL 435. BIOLOGY OF CANCER. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; and BIOL 310; or permission of instructor.
A general study of human neoplasms.

BIOL 436. CELL BIOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; BIOL 310; and CHEM 173 and CHEM 173L; or permission of instructor.
This course is a comprehensive study of cell biology from a structural and functional perspective.

BIOL 438. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 310 and one of BIOL 301, BIOL 302, BIOL 303, BIOL 304, CHEM 351.
This course includes study of gene structure, organization, function and regulation. Equal emphasis is given to the molecular processes and genetic phenomena of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

BIOL 440. ECOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; MATH 161, HONS 161 or MATH 380 or BIOL 380; or permission of instructor.
This course involves the study of factors which determine the distribution and abundance of organisms.

BIOL 441. ECOLOGY LAB. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: current or prior enrollment in BIOL 440.
A field and laboratory course which emphasizes testing ecological hypotheses.

BIOL 442. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270 or permission of the instructor; BIOL 440 recommended.
Conservation biology is a synthetic discipline that has arisen in response to the current unprecedented rates of extinction and draws on a wide range of basic sciences and applied fields to address the problem of loss of biological diversity. This course introduces students to the discipline of conservation biology, familiarizes students with literature in conservation biology and provides students with a forum for discussion of some major topics in conservation biology.

BIOL 444. FIELD ECOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 423 or BIOL 440 or permission of the instructor.
In this course students conduct observational and/or experimental field studies designed to answer contemporary ecological questions. The course emphasizes hypothesis testing, study design, field techniques, data analysis, and written and oral study presentation. Aquatic ecology, terrestrial ecology, or both may be emphasized

BIOL 445. STREAM ECOLOGY. 3 Credits.

Pre-requisites: one of: BIOL 301, BIOL 302, BIOL 303, BIOL 304; or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 445L.
Covers the diverse ecological functions of streams and their roles in global processes. The primary focus is on ecosystem function. Stream organisms and their communities are also covered. Laboratories include field work, laboratory techniques, data analysis, and professional methods for measuring rates of stream ecosystem processes and investigating stream communities. Companion course to BIOL 445L.

BIOL 445L. STREAM ECOLOGY LAB. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: one of: BIOL 301, BIOL 302, BIOL 303, BIOL 304; or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 445.
Companion lab to BIOL 445.

BIOL 446. RIPARIAN ECOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 446L.
Focuses on riparian areas (riparia), which experience intermittent flooding by water moving within a catchment. Riparia form the interface between terrestrial and aquatic habitats and perform critical ecosystem functions. Addresses riparian physical processes, biotic adaptations, human impacts, conservation, restoration, and management. Companion course to BIOL 445L.

BIOL 446L. RIPARIAN ECOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ≥C- in BIOL 171, ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 446.
Companion lab to BIOL 446.

BIOL 447. ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Notes: upper division elective.
Pre-requisites: BIOL 270; CHEM 171; MATH 380 or BIOL 380 or MATH 161 or HONS 161.
This is an elective course about how energy and matter flow through ecological systems. Ecosystem ecology uses chemistry and physics to understand the interactions between organisms and their physical environment. This course has a strong focus on ecological methods, both in discussing the methods used by ecologists in research that we cover, as well as activities in which students practice experimental design, formulating models, and working with data.

BIOL 450. MAMMALOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 304 or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 450L.
Covers the classifications, life histories, and ecology of mammals. Companion course to BIOL 450L.

BIOL 450L. MAMMALOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 304 or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 450.
Companion lab to BIOL 450.

BIOL 453. FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 453L.
Fish and Wildlife management can be defined as the application of ecological knowledge to populations of animals and their plant and animal associates in a manner that strikes a balance between the needs of those populations and the needs of people. Companion course to BIOL 453L.

BIOL 453L. FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 453.
Companion lab to BIOL 453.

BIOL 454. ORNITHOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 304 or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 454L.
Natural history and taxonomy of birds. Companion course to BIOL 454L.

BIOL 454L. ORNITHOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 304 or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 454.
Companion lab to BIOL 454.

BIOL 460. HEMATOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 310 plus one of BIOL 301, BIOL 303 or BIOL 304; or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 460L.
Discusses the morphology and hemostasis of the normal and abnormal human hematological system. Companion course to BIOL 460L.

BIOL 460L. HEMATOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 310 plus one of BIOL 301, BIOL 303 or BIOL 304; or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 460.
Companion lab to BIOL 460.

BIOL 462. ICHTHYOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270 or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 462L.
A systematic and ecological study of fishes with emphasis on the freshwater fishes of the U.S. Companion course to BIOL 462L.

BIOL 462L. ICHTHYOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270 or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 462.
Companion lab to BIOL 462.

BIOL 468. SKELETAL BIOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Notes: may be stacked with BIOL 568.
Pre-requisites: BIOL 310.
This course examines the cellular and molecular biology of the skeleton with particular emphasis on signaling pathways, molecules, and genes that regulate the activity of bone cells. Course content includes readings from primary scientific literature, interpretation of research data, and integration of multiple biological concepts to interpret cell and tissue behavior as it relates to skeletal physiology, pathology, and interactions with extraskeletal systems.

BIOL 470. BIOLOGICAL ILLUSTRATION. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270 or permission of the instructor.
The emphasis in this course is placed on developing the various techniques commonly used in rendering biological illustrations that are suitable for publication.

BIOL 473. NEUROBIOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Notes: PHYS 133 or PHYS 153 is recommended.
Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; CHEM 173 and CHEM 173L or permission from the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 473L.
Introduces the principles of neurobiology. Emphasis is placed on human neuroscience but examples from a wide range of invertebrates and vertebrates are used to best illustrate neurobiological principles, concepts, and mechanisms. Companion course to BIOL 473L.

BIOL 473L. NEUROBIOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; CHEM 173 and CHEM 173L or permission from the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 473.
Companion lab to BIOL 473.

BIOL 477. EMBRYOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 310.
This course examines the dynamics, physical features and mechanisms of early organismic development from both the classical embryology and modern genetic perspective. Emphasis is placed on mammalian embryology. Also discussed are state-of-art technologies currently in use in medical and veterinary practice and in research.

BIOL 481. FRESHWATER INVERT ZOOLOGY. 3 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270 are required; BIOL 405 or BIOL 440 is recommended. Corequisite: BIOL 481L.
Explores aquatic habitats including streams, wetlands, and ponds, focusing on the invertebrates that live in them. Includes evolutionary history, ecology, life history, and unique adaptations of freshwater invertebrates, as well as tools for studying them. A major component of the course is learning to identify invertebrates using professional keys that are the standard in the field. Each student develops a collection of keyed aquatic invertebrates. Companion course to BIOL 481L.

BIOL 481L. FRESHWATER INVERT ZOOLOGY LAB. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270 are required; BIOL 405 or BIOL 440 is recommended. Corequisite: BIOL 481.
Companion lab to BIOL 481.

BIOL 484. TOPICS IN MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 301, BIOL 310, and completion or concurrent enrollment in BIOL 385, or permission of the instructor.
Readings and discussion of current research topics in molecular biotechnology. Experimental design and biotechnology project development.

BIOL 485. MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 484.
A study of the concepts, experiments, and industrial applications of fermentation theory, recombinant DNA protocols, plasmids and cloning, DNA, RNA and protein sequencing and synthesis, monoclonal antibodies and cell fusion, solid support enzyme technology, bioenergy reactions, biomass and secondary metabolite production and biodegradation.

BIOL 488. MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 485 or concurrent enrollment.
Experiments include basic analytical and separatory techniques, analytical and preparative fermentations, restriction analysis of viral DNA, RNA labelling and sequencing, tissue fractionation and lectin affinity column chromatography, DNA cloning, screening and blot analysis, mammalian cell culture and fusion, immunochemistry and in vitro translation.

BIOL 490. SENIOR CAPSTONE. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: senior standing, BIOL 310 or BIOL 440 and one of the following: BIOL 301, BIOL 302, BIOL 303, or BIOL 304; concurrent enrollment in BIOL 490T is required for Biology majors. Corequisite: BIOL 490L.
Satisfies: a university graduation requirement–senior capstone.
Integrated Studies in Form and Function, or Integrated Studies in Microbial and Molecular Biology, or Integrated Studies in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Contact the major department advisor for the appropriate section number. Companion course to BIOL 490L.

BIOL 490A. BIOTECHNOLOGY CAPSTONE. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: senior standing, BIOL 484, BIOL 485, BIOL 488; concurrent enrollment in BIOL 490T is required for Biology majors. Corequisite: BIOL 490AL.
Satisfies: a university graduation requirement–senior capstone.
This capstone course is specific to Biotechnology. Integration of lecture and laboratory experience to culminate in research project. Contact the major department. Companion course to BIOL 490AL.

BIOL 490AL. BIOTECHNOLOGY CAPSTONE LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: senior standing, BIOL 484, BIOL 485, BIOL 488; concurrent enrollment in BIOL 490T is required for Biology majors. Corequisite: BIOL 490A.
Companion lab to BIOL 490A.

BIOL 490L. SENIOR CAPSTONE LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: senior standing, BIOL 310 or BIOL 440 and one of the following: BIOL 301, BIOL 302, BIOL 303, or BIOL 304; concurrent enrollment in BIOL 490T is required for Biology majors. Corequisite: BIOL 490.
Companion lab to BIOL 490.

BIOL 490T. BIOLOGY EXIT EXAM. 0 Credits.

Notes: this zero-credit course is a co-requisite with BIOL 490 and BIOL 490A.
Completion of the ETS Biology Major Field Test is a graduation requirement for the following majors: Biology, Biology Major with Biotechnology Option, and Biology Major with Pre-Medicine/Pre-Dentistry Option. This course involves scheduling and completing the Biology Major Field Test.

BIOL 491. SENIOR THESIS. 5 Credits.

A Senior Thesis in clinical laboratory science at the affiliate hospital. Students have lectures in ethics and professional behavior, management information and participate individually in small clinical laboratory experience and continue their training of advanced diagnostic work in clinical microbiology, clinical chemistry, hematology, and immunohematology. During this course, students perform actual patient laboratory testing under the guidance of trained professionals.

BIOL 495. INTERNSHIP. 1-15 Credits.

Notes: only 5 credits will be allowed toward the electives.
Pre-requisites: permission of the instructor, department chair, and college associate dean.
Internship.

BIOL 496. EXPERIMENTAL COURSE. 1-5 Credits.

BIOL 499. DIRECTED STUDY. 1-15 Credits.

Notes: a maximum of five credits of directed study credits (BIOL 399 or BIOL 499) may be counted as upper division electives toward the major.
Pre-requisites: permission of the instructor, department chair and college dean.
Directed study.

BIOL 500. RESEARCH SEMINAR. 1 Credit.

Notes: must be repeated for at least 2 credits.
Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program in biology.
Students develop and present seminars on their research to an audience of peers and faculty.

BIOL 502. ADVANCED HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 173 with a grade ≥B-; CHEM 173 and CHEM 173L with a grade ≥B-; or instructor permission. Corequisite: BIOL 502L.
A three-quarter sequence covering the structure and function of the human body. Intended for students that have completed undergraduate coursework in Biology or Chemistry or a related field and who are pursuing teaching or health care careers. Students are responsible for advanced cadaver dissection and/or histological course content. Companion course to BIOL 502L.

BIOL 502L. ADVANCED HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 173 with a grade ≥B-; CHEM 173 and CHEM 173L with a grade ≥B-; or instructor permission. Corequisite: BIOL 502.
Companion lab to BIOL 502.

BIOL 503. ADVANCED HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 502. Corequisite: BIOL 503L.
Second in series. Companion course to BIOL 503L.

BIOL 503L. ADVANCED HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 502. Corequisite: BIOL 503.
Companion lab to BIOL 503.

BIOL 504. ADVANCED HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY III. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 503. Corequisite: BIOL 504L.
Third in series. Companion course to BIOL 504L.

BIOL 504L. ADVANCED HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY III LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 503. Corequisite: BIOL 504.
Companion lab to BIOL 504.

BIOL 505. LIMNOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program. Corequisite: BIOL 505L.
An in-depth study of the physical, chemical, and biological features of lakes and streams incorporating independent field work and/or synthesis of primary literature. Companion course to BIOL 505L.

BIOL 505L. LIMNOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program. Corequisite: BIOL 505.
Companion lab to BIOL 505.

BIOL 509. MYCOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 509L.
Structure, physiology, ecology, and taxonomy of microfungi and mushrooms, with an emphasis on fungi of the Northwest and on the design and implementation of independent mycological experiments. Companion course to BIOL 509L.

BIOL 509L. MYCOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 509.
Companion lab to BIOL 509.

BIOL 510. BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS I. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to the Biology Master’s Program or permission of the instructor.
Methods of biological research, including scientific writing and presentation, utilization of scientific literature, and a brief introduction to experimental design and data analysis.

BIOL 511. BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS II. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: upper division undergraduate MATH or BIOL statistics course; BIOL 510; or permission of instructor.
This course will explore implications of observational and experimental study design and expose students to quantitative hypothesis tests appropriate for the biological sciences.

BIOL 512. CURRENT TOPICS IN PHYSIOLOGY. 2 Credits.

Notes: may be repeated for credit.
Pre-requisites: admission to the biology master’s program or permission of the instructor.
Current readings in a specialized area of physiology, including functional aspects of animals, plants or micro-organisms or functions common to two or more groups of organisms.

BIOL 513. CURRENT TOPICS IN CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 2 Credits.

Notes: may be repeated for credit.
Pre-requisites: admission to the biology master’s program or permission of the instructor.
This course will explore modern developments across the molecular and cell biology disciplines. Topics will build on research expertise of faculty as well as current literature. These areas include environmental and medical microbiology, recombinant DNA, immuno-pathology, embryo physiology.

BIOL 514. CURRENT TOPICS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to the Biology Master’s Program or permission of the instructor.
Current readings on selected topics of ecology and evolution. Topics will depend upon interests of instructor and students. Possible topics include: evolution of mating systems, aquatic ecology, community ecology, microevolutionary processes, population dynamics, evolution of life history strategies.

BIOL 516. ADVANCED STATISTICS STUDIO. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 511.
In this course, biology graduate students meet individually with the instructor to work on statistical analysis of the data collected for their thesis projects. This course supplements and applies the material learned in BIOL 511, and supports graduate students in identifying and applying current best practices for statistical analysis and data management.

BIOL 517. ADVANCED STATISTICS STUDIO II. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 516.
In this course, biology graduate students meet individually with the instructor to work on statistical analysis of the data collected for their thesis projects. This course supplements and applies the material learned in BIOL 511, and supports graduate students in identifying and applying current best practices for statistical analysis and data management. This course is specifically for graduate students in at least their second year in the program.

BIOL 518. COLLEGE SCIENCE TEACHING. 2 Credits.

This course provides an introduction to how students learn, how to assess student learning, and best practices in undergraduate science teaching. Students will read primary literature on teaching and learning, engage in discussions and reflections on readings, and participate in activities that illustrate principles of teaching and learning. Students will apply these principles in their own teaching as they plan, implement, and evaluate mini-lessons within the course.

BIOL 521. MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 301. Corequisite: BIOL 521L.
The microbial agents of human disease, with an emphasis on bacteria. Companion course to BIOL 521L.

BIOL 521L. MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 301. Corequisite: BIOL 521.
Companion lab to BIOL 521.

BIOL 530. IMMUNOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor.
Immune reactions of animals with principal emphasis on those associated with infectious diseases. Students will conduct primary literature review.

BIOL 532. VIROLOGY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor.
The molecular biology of microbial, animal and plant viruses, especially those viruses associated with human and animal diseases and their host-parasite relationships with an emphasis on synthesis of primary literature.

BIOL 535. BIOLOGY OF CANCER. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor.
An advanced study of human neoplasms through synthesis of current literature.

BIOL 536. CELL BIOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor.
A comprehensive study of cellular biology from a structural and functional perspective incorporating independent laboratory and/or synthesis of primary literature.

BIOL 538. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor.
This course includes the study of gene structure, organization, function, and regulation. Equal emphasis is given to the molecular processes and genetic phenomena of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

BIOL 542. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor.
Conservation biology is a synthetic discipline that has arisen in response to the current unprecedented rates of extinction and draws on a wide range of basic sciences and applied fields to address the problem of loss of biological diversity. This course examines the discipline of conservation biology, familiarizes students with literature in conservation biology, and provides students with a forum for discussion of some major topics in Conservation Biology. Students incorporate independent field work and/or synthesis of primary literature.

BIOL 546. RIPARIAN ECOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to the Biology Master’s Program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 546L.
Focuses on riparian areas (riparia), areas which experience intermittent flooding by water moving within a catchment. Riparia form the interface between terrestrial and aquatic habitats and perform critical ecosystem functions. Addresses riparian physical processes, biotic adaptations, human impacts, conservation, restoration, and management. Companion course to BIOL 546L.

BIOL 546L. RIPARIAN ECOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: admission to the Biology Master’s Program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 546.
Companion lab to BIOL 546.

BIOL 547. ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 270; CHEM 171, or HONS 171, and CHEM 171L; MATH 380 or BIOL 380 or MATH 161; BIOL 301 or BIOL 302 or BIOL 303 or BIOL 304.
This is an elective course about how energy and matter flow through ecological systems. Ecosystem ecology uses chemistry and physics to understand the interactions between organisms and their physical environment. This course has a strong focus on ecological methods, both in discussing the methods used by ecologists in research that we cover, as well as activities in which students practice experimental design, formulating models, and working with data.

BIOL 550. MAMMALOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 550L.
The classifications, life histories, and ecology of mammals with an emphasis on independent field or literature review studies. Companion course to BIOL 550L.

BIOL 550L. MAMMALOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 550.
Companion lab to BIOL 550.

BIOL 553. FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 553L.
Fish and Wildlife management can be defined as the application of ecological knowledge to populations of animals and their plant and animal associates in a manner that strikes a balance between the needs of those populations and the needs of people. Companion course to BIOL 553L.

BIOL 553L. FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ≥C in BIOL 172, BIOL 173, BIOL 270; or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 553.
Companion lab to BIOL 553.

BIOL 554. ORNITHOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 554L.
Natural history and taxonomy of birds with an emphasis on independent field or literature review studies. Companion course to BIOL 554L.

BIOL 554L. ORNITHOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 554.
Companion lab to BIOL 554.

BIOL 560. HEMATOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Notes: this course includes 4 hours of lecture each week.
Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 560L.
An in-depth study of the morphology and hemostasis of the normal and abnormal human hematological system incorporating primary literature review and seminar preparation. Companion course to BIOL 560L.

BIOL 560L. HEMATOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Notes: this course includes 3 hours of lab each week.
Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 560.
Companion lab to BIOL 560.

BIOL 562. ICHTHYOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Notes: this course includes 4 hours of lecture each week.
Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 562L.
An in-depth systematic and ecological study of fishes, especially the freshwater fishes of the U.S., incorporating review of primary literature and independent field research. Companion course to BIOL 562L.

BIOL 562L. ICHTHYOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 562L.
Companion lab to BIOL 562L.

BIOL 568. SKELETAL BIOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Notes: may be stacked with BIOL 468.
Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor.
This course examines the cellular and molecular biology of the skeleton with particular emphasis on signaling pathways, molecules, and genes that regulate the activity of bone cells. Course content includes readings from primary scientific literature, interpretation of research data, and integration of multiple biological concepts to interpret cell and tissue behavior as it relates to skeletal physiology, pathology, and interactions with extraskeletal systems.

BIOL 573. NEUROBIOLOGY. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to the MS Biology Program or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 573L.
Introduces the principles of neurobiology. Emphasis is placed on human neuroscience but examples from a wide range of invertebrates and vertebrates are used to best illustrate neurobiological principles, concepts, and mechanisms. Companion course to BIOL 573L.

BIOL 573L. NEUROBIOLOGY LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: admission to the MS Biology Program or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 573.
Companion lab to BIOL 573.

BIOL 581. FRESHWATER INVERT ZOOLOGY. 3 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 581L.
Explores aquatic habitats including streams, wetlands, and ponds, focusing on the invertebrates that live in them. Includes evolutionary history, ecology, life history, and unique adaptations of freshwater invertebrates, as well as tools for studying them. A major component of the course is learning to identify invertebrates using professional keys that are the standard in the field. Each student develops a collection of keyed aquatic invertebrates. Companion course to BIOL 581L.

BIOL 581L. FRESHWATER INVERT ZOOLOGY LAB. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 581.
Companion lab to BIOL 581.

BIOL 584. TOPICS IN MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: CHEM 480 and admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor.
Readings and discussion of current research topics in molecular biotechnology. Experimental design and research planning.

BIOL 585. MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY I. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor.
An in-depth examination of animal and plant cell culture and microbial fermentation from the perspective of physiology and biochemical engineering.

BIOL 588. MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: admission to graduate program or permission of the instructor.
Advanced quantitative procedures in recombinant DNA and monoclonal antibodies.

BIOL 590A. MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY CAPSTONE. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: BIOL 584, BIOL 585, BIOL 588.
This capstone course is specific to the Biotechnology course series. Integration of lecture and laboratory experience in a research project as the culmination of the year-long biotechnology series.

BIOL 595. INTERNSHIP. 1-15 Credits.

Pre-requisites: permission of advisor, department chair, and college associate dean.
Graduate level professional internship.

BIOL 596. EXPERIMENTAL COURSE. 1-5 Credits.

BIOL 599. INDEPENDENT STUDY. 1-5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: permission of the instructor, department chair and college dean.

BIOL 600. THESIS RESEARCH. 1-10 Credits.

Pre-requisites: permission of the instructor, department chair and college dean.
Thesis will represent culmination of original research under direction of graduate committee.