Note: A student enrolled in both the Human Systems Biology certificate and the Human Disease and Defense certificate cannot apply BIOL 530, to both certificates. 

If necessary, students may substitute for one of these Human Disease and Defense courses either BIOL 536, or BIOL 538. We offer this optional replacement for one course to account for the possibility that not all courses will be offered in a given year (e.g., virology is taught every other year, and if faculty are on professional leave). 

Required Courses
BIOL 521	MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY	5
BIOL 530	IMMUNOLOGY	5
BIOL 532	VIROLOGY	5
Total Credits		15