inside.ewu.edu

Art

Jenny Hyde, Program Director
136 Art Building
Program Web Page


Faculty

Jennifer Griffin, Nancy Hathaway, Joshua Hobson, Jenny Hyde, Marc LaPointe, Greg duMonthier, Chris Tyllia.


Degrees 

BFA–Art 
BFA–Art - Education K-12 

Minor–Art  
Minor–Photography  
Minor–Visual Culture


Required courses in these programs of study may have prerequisites. Reference the course description section for clarification.


Undergraduate Programs

The Art program offers a curriculum founded on three major concerns: developing the highest levels of individual artistic performance and professional education, providing courses for all students which develop cultural understanding and aesthetic appreciation, and functioning as a center of emphasis and resource for the visual arts in the cultural activities of both the university and the community at large.

Our facilities include studios to support the making of artworks in: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Digital Photography, Darkroom Photography, Digital Art, Drawing, Illustration, Printmaking and Intermedia. We also have a robust teaching gallery and Visiting Artist Lecture Series to augment learning.

Foundational Requirements for Art

All Art majors are expected to complete a group of Foundations courses before moving into specialized program areas. Our Foundations program teaches people how to look at and talk about art; what the tools of the art studios are and how to use them in general. The courses include ART 201, ART 202,and ART 213. These courses serve as prerequisites to most other ART courses.

General Degree Completion Requirements for Art

All 400-level studio courses may be repeated three times for credit.

Graduate Program

The Art program offers courses that may be included in an Interdisciplinary master’s degree and Art faculty may serve on committees for students whose Interdisciplinary program proposals are accepted through the process described elsewhere in this catalog.
Note: only programs that offer a graduate degree may be the primary discipline in a graduate interdisciplinary degree program. Art does not offer an MA.

The Art Program's Participation in Interdisciplinary Masters Programs

First and foremost–all Interdisciplinary MA applicants must understand that the only terminal degree in Studio Art is the MFA. An MFA is required to teach studio art at levels beyond high school. A PhD is needed to teach Art History and Art Education.

Acceptance into Program

Interdisciplinary MA applicants must apply with a portfolio of work in the same manner as the BFA applicants. If accepted, the Interdisciplinary MA candidates will participate in two quarters of twice-quarterly reviews, (i.e., one review by Art faculty and one review by outside professionals each quarter). These reviews are currently listed as ART 470. During the MA candidate’s third and final quarter, the candidate will participate in a thesis exhibition and have an oral review by the thesis committee which must consist of at least one of their Art faculty.


Art Courses


ART 100. DRAWING FOR NON-ART MAJORS. 2 Credits.

Introductory drawing course intended for students with little or no drawing experience and seeks to broaden definitions and perceptions of drawing to help hone visual thinking = “the” power tool for idea generation. Hands-on exercises are used to help promote technical skill, sketching habits, and creative play.

ART 103. DIGITAL DRAWING AND PAINTING FOR NON-ART MAJORS. 2 Credits.

This is an introductory art course for non-art majors that explores the use of digital media to make art. Students develop a set of digital skills while exploring techniques within digital drawing and painting.

ART 105. PHOTOGRAPHY FOR NON-MAJORS. 2 Credits.

This course introduces the basic techniques, processes, and language of photography. The student will learn digital photography from capture through output. Emphasis will be placed on appreciation for the creative expression and artistic application of photography. Through studio-based projects, lectures, films, and student-led presentations students will get a comprehensive introduction to the medium of photography.

ART 125. CLAY FOR THE CURIOUS. 2 Credits.

Experience making functional and expressive objects in clay. This course is a hands-on exploration of clay as an artistic medium for students with little to no ceramics experience. This is an opportunity for students to engage with hands-on projects that promote creative ideation, creative problem seeking/solving, and creative play.

ART 155. PAINTING FOR NON-MAJORS. 5 Credits.

This course serves as an introduction to a variety of traditional and contemporary painting techniques. This course is designed for students with no previous art training.

ART 196. EXPERIMENTAL. 1-5 Credits.

ART 201. ART AND TECHNOLOGY. 5 Credits.

Builds digital skills while learning the elements and principles of art. Explores digital tools and methods to create two-dimensional imagery using Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator. Projects are made for digital and print methods. This foundational art course teaches digital techniques used in various fields of visual art.

ART 202. METHODS AND MATERIALS. 5 Credits.

Bring concepts to life through effective use of space, form, and materials. Experiments and moves fluidly between a wide variety of techniques, processes, and materials, while addressing various technical, formal, and conceptual concerns in the creation of two and three-dimensional artworks. Introduces methods of a practicing artist–inquiry and invention (creative problem solving), craft (making), and critique (applying the language of form and composition).

ART 206. CAREERS IN TEACHING. 3 Credits.

Cross-listed: ENGL 206, SOST 206, GNML 206, MUSC 206.
Pre-requisites: ENGL 201.
Combines an introduction to a career in teaching with experience in K-12 Education. Focuses on teaching roles within the fields of English, Social Studies, Music, Art, and Languages. Students explore career pathways, educator responsibilities, educational systems and structures, and current professional teaching examples. Students complete research, readings, and class discussions, in addition to an experiential learning activity in a K-12 classroom setting.

ART 210. VISUAL CULTURE. 5 Credits.

Satisfies: a BACR for humanities and arts.
Images play a prominent role in producing cultural meaning, yet we spend very little time learning how to “read” images. This course offers the theoretical foundations to understand how images work. Looking at a broad sample of visual forms, from traditional fine arts to popular culture, from cave painting to contemporary art, and using critical theory, it examines the relation between images and cultural meaning. Includes workshops on information literacy and written communication.

ART 211. DRAWING. 5 Credits.

Satisfies: a BACR for humanities and arts.
Introduction to observational, expressive, and formal modes of drawing. Emphasis on sight measuring techniques to accurately translate three-dimensional space into two-dimensional imagery. Topics like line quality, mark making, texture, color, and value are explored to make projects from still lives, studies, and independently creative ideas.

ART 213. THE VISUAL ART EXPERIENCE. 5 Credits.

Notes: this course is open to all art and non-art majors.
Satisfies: a BACR for humanities and arts.
Explore how the visual arts effect human life through exposure to the makers, materials, methods and meanings of art; engage with the visual art experience in a thematic manner to learn how it impacts personal, cultural and historical contexts.

ART 225. CERAMICS. 5 Credits.

Create functional objects and expressive works of art in clay. This course is a hands-on exploration of clay as an artistic medium for students with little to no ceramics experience. This course introduces the fundamental steps of learning how to design, make, troubleshoot, and produce finished ceramic objects. This course gives students the time and space to explore projects with more creative depth and to begin developing a personal style/voice.

ART 296. EXPERIMENTAL. 1-5 Credits.

Subjects vary according to faculty and student interest.

ART 301. ILLUSTRATION. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: sophomore standing.
Illustration emphasizing creative interpretation, ideation, and disciplined illustrative craft to make projects physically and digitally. Imagery is made for digital and print applications.

ART 302. COLOR THEORY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 201 or ART 202, or sophomore standing.
Examines the principles of color and their application in studio art. Students investigate the complex visual effects of color and their impact on composition, learn to identify and utilize color harmonies, and explore the expressive qualities of color while moving beyond the limits of personal color preferences.

ART 303. DIGITAL ART. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 201 or DESN 216 or permission of instructor.
Explores the use of digital media in the creation of studio art. Methods of vector and raster imagery is the focus along with an introduction to 2D animation techniques. Topics within the field of digital art are introduced and discussed. Skills from this course can be applied to a number of artistic interests—both creative and practical.

ART 305. PHOTOGRAPHY: DIGITAL PRACTICES. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 103 or ART 105 or ART 201 or DESN 216, or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: ART 305L.
Provides an introduction to the techniques, process, and language of digital photography and digital image making. Students learn the process from capture through output and engage in discussions about the conceptual and ethical issues of this media. Emphasis is put on creative expression and the artistic application of digital media. Companion course to ART 305L.

ART 305L. PHOTOGRAPHY: DIGITAL PRACTICES LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ART 103 or ART 105 or ART 201 or DESN 216, or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: ART 305.
Companion lab to ART 305.

ART 308. PHOTOGRAPHY: BLACK AND WHITE. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: sophomore standing. Corequisite: ART 308L.
Serves as an introduction to the rich tradition of analog photography. Using film cameras and the black-and-white darkroom students learn the skills necessary to photograph, develop, and print their own images. Instruction includes technique, but also a primer, the history, and theory of the photographic image. Emphasis is put on creative expression and the artistic application of black-and-white photography. Companion course to ART 308L.

ART 308L. PHOTOGRAPHY: BLACK AND WHITE LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: sophomore standing. Corequisite: ART 308.
Companion lab to ART 308.

ART 309. FIGURE DRAWING. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: sophomore standing.
Drawing the human form from studies and live models. Sight-based drawing techniques are continued in this course to study anatomy, structure, and the body as art subject. Projects range in focus from lifelike to abstract to explore the expressive form of the human body. Drawings are made using different media and approaches.

ART 310. WORLD ART. 5 Credits.

Satisfies: a university graduation requirement–global studies.
A survey of aesthetic and visual concepts of various cultures. Includes study of selected indigenous, primitive, and native art forms.

ART 312. ART ACROSS TIME: PREHISTORY TO 17TH CENTURY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ENGL 101, ART 213 (may be taken concurrently); or permission of the instructor.
This critical survey traces the development of art from the beginning of humanity in Mesopotamia, the “cradle of civilization,” to the global Baroque. Includes the study of Ancient Greek art, the Medieval period, and the Renaissance, with a focus on cultural contact and the trade routes. Emphasis is on situating key works of art in their context. Provides the principles of visual analysis and library research.

ART 313. ART ACROSS TIME: 18TH CENTURY TO CONTEMPORARY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ENGL 101, ART 213 (may be taken concurrently); or permission of the instructor.
This survey traces the development of modern and contemporary art, from Watteau to Ai Weiwei. Key artworks are studied in-depth and situated in their context to highlight the effects of modern selfhood, industrialization, globalization, revolutions, and wars on art. Emphasizes how artists have engaged with questions of tradition and cultivated the shock of the new. Includes many women, African-American, and Native American artists. Provides the principles of visual analysis and library research.

ART 314. THE BODY IN ART. 5 Credits.

Cross-listed: GWSS 303, HONS 303.
Pre-requisites: ENGL 201 and junior standing.
Satisfies: a university graduation requirement–diversity.
Many ideas about race, gender, and sexuality originate in representations of the body. This theme-based survey explores how figurative art has contributed, since prehistory, to shape today’s views. Emphasis in on applying contemporary issues, such as consent and identity, to the study of historical artworks. Includes class discussions and weekly writing assignments about art historical and critical texts that examine the production and perpetuation of cultural attitudes about the body.

ART 315. HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ENGL 101, ART 213 (may be taken concurrently); or permission of the instructor.
Few media have influenced the course of modernity more fundamentally than photography. This course surveys the history of the medium from its prehistory to its present and explores the dominant themes and theories associated with it. Course readings, lectures, and demonstrations address photography’s multiple histories: as artistic expression, as social text, as technological pursuit, and as cultural product.

ART 317. ART AS SOCIAL ACT. 5 Credits.

Cross-listed: HONS 317.
Pre-requisites: ENGL 201.
Satisfies: a university graduation requirement–global studies.
Art has long been a catalyst for major cultural shifts. This course introduces the history and methods of art practice as a vehicle for social change and engagement. Students learn about various global social movements and their accompanying artistic production and are guided through the process of researching, proposing, and executing socially engaged artworks/events. Emphasis is placed on understanding and creating artworks that promote community, collaboration, and change.

ART 320. CAREERS IN THE ARTS. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: junior standing.
Highlights professions in the arts with class discussions, presentations, and workshops. Provides context to help define careers and professional goals for students studying art.

ART 325. CERAMICS: FUNCTION & FORM. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 125 or ART 225 or ART 202 or ART 201 or ART 365 or ART 381 or permission of instructor.
Bring objects to life through exploration and a deeper understanding of ceramic processes. Students translate, create, prototype, and produce their concepts into expressive, original, and sometimes functional works of art. This course allows students to develop the skills necessary to produce objects that relate to their personal visual style and explore functionality through the use of form, surface, and color.

ART 331. CONTEMPORARY ART. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ENGL 201.
Satisfies: a university graduation requirement–global studies.
A survey of art and theoretical writings on art from 1970 to the present. As the art world is increasingly globalized, this course examines the works and ideas from artists and art theorists around the world.

ART 340. NATIVE NORTH AMERICAN ART. 5 Credits.

Cross-listed: IDST 340.
Pre-requisites: ENGL 201.
Satisfies: a university graduation requirement–diversity.
This course tells the story of American art from indigenous perspectives. It explores over 4,000 years of artistic practices by the native peoples of North America, from the origins of the Northwest Coast style to contemporary art. Studies the relation between process, rituals, and the meaning of works of art. Also includes discussions of cultural appropriation, the ethics of collecting, and the role of museums in preserving and displaying art.

ART 346. JEWELRY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: sophomore standing or permission of instructor.
Exploration of various jewelry making methods and materials.

ART 355. PAINTING. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: sophomore standing.
Introduction to oil painting that explores painting techniques, accurate color mixing, and value tones within a composition. Develops technical, color theory, and compositional skills to build a foundation for continued growth and experimentation.

ART 356. WATERCOLOR. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 155 or ART 201 or ART 202 or ART 211.
Introduces basic watercolor techniques, making imagery from a variety of sources. Experiments with media and substrate to explore a contemporary watercolor practice.

ART 360. PRINTMAKING. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: sophomore standing.
Explores the fundamentals of printmaking, incorporating drawing, painting, and collage; processes may include lithography, etching, relief, and monotype.

ART 365. SCULPTURE: MOLD MAKING AND WOOD CONSTRUCTION. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: sophomore standing.
Introduces sculptural techniques, materials, and concepts to support student expression through material form. Consideration of the relationship between form, material, technique, and content to hone a student's ability to analyze and critique artworks. Fundamental research techniques are paired with active studio explorations to develop understanding of contemporary sculptural practices.

ART 381. FIBER AND TEXTILES. 5 Credits.

Cross-listed: THTR 381.
Pre-requisites: sophomore standing or permission of the instructor.
In this studio course, students develop skills and cultivate conceptual concerns related to the fiber and textile arts. Traditional and experimental materials are used to explore such techniques as dyeing, looping, felting, weaving, piecing, and quilting. Critiques and discussions are informed by lectures, articles, and independent research.

ART 390. ART IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. 3 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ENGL 201.
Children’s development in visual expression. Teaching procedures and materials used in structuring children’s art experiences and the development of skill in basic studio practices.

ART 391. ART EDUCATION K-12. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: sophomore standing.
Introduces methods and strategies for teaching visual art to K-12 students. Students develop skills in lesson planning and curriculum design that align with state and national art education standards. Through hands-on art making, students learn to create inclusive, developmentally appropriate art experiences that encourage creativity and critical thinking.

ART 395. INTERNSHIP. 1-5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: permission of Art Department instructor, department chair and college dean.
Internship.

ART 396. EXPERIMENTAL. 1-5 Credits.

ART 399. INDEPENDENT STUDY. 1-5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: permission of the instructor, department chair and college dean.
Subjects vary according to faculty and student interest.

ART 400. DRAWING. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 211 or permission of instructor.
Expands the artist’s understanding of drawing as a complete creative practice. Drawing is explored from a variety of viewpoints and processes, pushing outside the traditional boundaries in order to develop one’s personal definition of drawing.

ART 403. VIDEO ART. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 201 or DESN 216 or FILM 110 or permission of the instructor.
Advanced digital art course focusing on video and time-based art. In addition to a technical focus on video editing and production, the use of projections, TV screens, and sound in the context of fine art installations is explored.

ART 404. EXPANDED PRACTICE: PHOTO/MEDIA. 4 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 303 or ART 305 or ART 308 or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: ART 404L.
An advanced media course that synthesizes traditional and contemporary lens-based art practices alongside digital art and new media. Students engage with a variety of techniques, including photographic image-making, video, installation, and media-based sculpture. Encourages students to develop project-specific processes tailored to their artistic vision. Emphasis is on conceptualization and the creative application of photo technology. Companion course to ART 404L.

ART 404L. EXPANDED PRACTICE: PHOTO/MEDIA LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ART 303 or ART 305 or ART 308 or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: ART 404.
Companion lab to ART 404.

ART 406. ART AND COMMUNITY. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: junior standing.
Explores the relationships between collective art-making and civic engagement. Students carefully consider the history, ethics, and implementation of community engaged art practices and then meet with local organizations and artists to better understand the arts and communities specific to the region. Drawing from a variety of practices including site-specific performance and public art, we develop context specific approaches to art making and community development.

ART 408. BODY AND TIME. 5 Credits.

Notes: may be repeated for credit.
Pre-requisites: junior standing.
Introduces the time-based visual arts practice of performance. Students create works of art that involve combinations of performance, digital media, and installation. Discussion of artists and issues that focus on the body being both the content and the medium within works of art. An emphasis on research along with a high level of experimentation strengthens ideas and benefits any disciplinary interest.

ART 410. WRITING ABOUT ART. 5 Credits.

Cross-listed: ENGL 410.
Pre-requisites: ENGL 201 and junior standing, or permission of the instructor.
Careers in the arts and culture sector require specific writing skills. This course provides the principles of the main genres of writing about art, from ekphrasis (the vivid description of artworks in ancient rhetoric) to contemporary art criticism. Emphasis is on applying art history methods to communicate effectively with different audiences. Includes the production of a writer's portfolio and workshops on exhibition reviews, curating, podcasting, and grant writing.

ART 411. ILLUSTRATION II. 5 Credits.

Notes: may be repeated three times for credit.
Pre-requisites: ART 301.
Involves an increasingly sophisticated examination of illustration concepts and applications in projects that may cross disciplines (printmaking, drawing, painting, new media, etc.) and focus on transition from conceptualization to execution; narrative; character development; historical homage; increased development of personal style; evolution of work quality; accumulation of stylized portfolio pieces.

ART 425. CERAMICS: CONTENT & SURFACE. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 325 or ART 450 or ART 466 or permission of the instructor.
Explore, develop, and practice personal style as it relates to ceramic materials and techniques, and learn how to manage and maintain a ceramics studio. Students continually evolve their personal aesthetic. This course encourages students to conduct material research related to their personal interests and to the creation of original works of art in ceramics. Students have the opportunity to develop, test, and produce their own glazes or other fired ceramic surfaces.

ART 439. TOPICS IN PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE. 1-5 Credits.

Notes: may be repeated for additional credit.
Pre-requisites: ENGL 201.
Variable topic, variable credit course that focuses on different aspects of professional development for art majors.

ART 440. EXPANDED PRACTICE: 2D. 5 Credits.

Notes: may be repeated for credit.
Pre-requisites: ART 211 or ART 355 or ART 301 or ART 303 or ART 356.
An advanced course that explores a range of two-dimensional art approaches as an expanded practice in media such as painting, drawing, watercolor, illustration, digital illustration, and 2D animation. Experimentations in materials and methods push the boundaries of traditional two-dimensional imagery to develop the artist’s personal research practice in media of their choice.

ART 445. SCENE PAINTING. 2 Credits.

Cross-listed: THTR 445.
Pre-requisites: sophomore standing.
A practicum in techniques and mechanics of choosing, mixing, and applying scene paint for theatrical production.

ART 450. WORKSHOP IN ART. 1-5 Credits.

Notes: may be repeated for additional credit.
Pre-requisites: permission of the instructor.
Exploratory problems in a variety of materials and media.

ART 455. PAINTING II. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 155 or ART 355 or permission of the instructor.
Continued exploration of painting techniques, concepts, and experimental practices relevant to contemporary painting. Students have the option of working with oil paints, acrylics, watercolors, and/or mixed media. Students have the opportunity to further engage with non-traditional painting surfaces as individualized projects are pursued. This course further strengthens successful studio practices and informed bodies of work.

ART 456. WATERCOLOR II. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 356.
Advanced watercolor techniques.

ART 460. PRINTMAKING. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 360.
Continued exploration of print media. Emphasis upon craftsmanship and creative possibilities of media.

ART 465. SCULPTURE: WELDED AND EXPANDED FORM. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 365 or ART 381 or ART 325 or ART 202 or permission of instructor.
Expands knowledge of sculptural practices through metal formation and fiber manipulation. Students continue to develop technical skill, conceptual approach, and individual artistic perspective through rigorous studio engagement. Research is employed as a key process to fuel artistic development.

ART 466. EXPANDED PRACTICE: 3D. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 325 or ART 365 or ART 381 or ART 425 or ART 465 or permission of instructor.
An advanced media course that synthesizes traditional and contemporary sculptural art practices alongside ceramic and time-based media. Students engage with a variety of techniques and materials including wood, metal, fiber, ceramic, glass, plaster, and wax. Encourages students to develop project-specific processes tailored to their artistic vision. Emphasis is on conceptualization and the creative application of material processes.

ART 470. MAKING AND MEANING. 3 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ART 331.
Students meet weekly to discuss progress and issues that pertain to BFA Thesis research. Students are guided and prepared for quarterly community artist reviews of BFA projects.

ART 472. PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE FOR ARTISTS. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: junior standing.
Addresses professional preparedness for BFA Art Majors. Introduces skills and strategies for navigating the art world. Topics include career options for creative professionals, identifying career goals, and producing relevant professional materials such as a digital portfolio, website, and project/grant proposals. Includes workshops on documenting works of art.

ART 483. ARTS INTEGRATION K-8. 2 Credits.

Pre-requisites: ENGL 201. Corequisite: ART 483L.
Introduces strategies for integrating the visual and performing arts into core elementary subjects such as literacy, math, science, and social studies. Students explore how the arts enhance learning, creativity, and student engagement. Through hands-on experiences and lesson development, MIT candidates learn to design inclusive, standards-based instruction that connects the arts with academic content. Companion course to ART 483L.

ART 483L. ARTS INTEGRATION K-8 LAB. 1 Credit.

Pre-requisites: ENGL 201. Corequisite: ART 483.
Companion lab to ART 483.

ART 490. SENIOR CAPSTONE: BFA EXHIBITION. 5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: senior standing in BFA Art program.
Satisfies: a university graduation requirement–senior capstone.
The culminating experience for BFA Art majors. Focuses on the preparation, installation, and promotion of the BFA Exhibition in the EWU Gallery of Fine Art. Students gain in-depth experience by creating exhibition materials and preparing artworks for gallery installation. Students complete all components of a final portfolio, preparing them for professional opportunities upon completing the BFA.

ART 495. INTERNSHIP. 1-3 Credits.

Pre-requisites: permission of Art Department instructor, department chair and college dean.
Internship.

ART 496. EXPERIMENTAL. 1-5 Credits.

Subjects vary according to faculty and student interest.

ART 497. WORKSHOP, SHORT COURSE, CONFERENCE, SEMINAR. 1-5 Credits.

ART 498. SEMINAR. 1-5 Credits.

Notes: may be repeated for additional credit.

ART 499. INDEPENDENT STUDY. 1-5 Credits.

Pre-requisites: permission of the instructor, department chair and college dean.
Designed for upper-division students who wish to pursue work in any area in which they have completed three prior quarters of work.